As a childcare professional who has worked with hundreds of two year olds, I can tell you: Two year olds are just at the beginning of becoming social beings. It's a long learning process and it is totally normal that children express themselves through hitting or snatching or scratching and so on. Younger children are completely focused on developing themselves and their own skills. Around the age of 2.5 years children reach a stage stage where they realise that there are other people as well. Now they want to engage and play with the others, but they haven't learned yet how this works. You describe it very well: your son didn't want to hit the other child, he justed wanted to express his excitement. He is probably just as frustrated at the moment as you are. So no need for punishments or rewards. It's as if someone would punish you for pronouncing a Chinese word wrong - punishment doesn't make you any better: what helps you to get better is if someone pronounces it for you. What your son needs at the moment are adults who model for him how people interact with each other kindly. So, for a while, observe your child closely in social situations and if you see he is about to snatch a toy or hit another child, try to catch his hand before he hits and model what he could say instead, for example "I like your toy. I want to play with you" or "Can I have a go when you are finished?" At home exaggerate a bit when you talk to your partner or friends: say lots of 'Please, may I have' and 'Thank you for sharing this with me' and similar. When someone is hurting or not feeling well, model how to make this person feel better. This can be a glas of water, getting a flower from the garden or drawing a picture. Do something your son can do as well, so he learns how joyful it is to look after others. If he has hurt another child, help him to make the other child feel better instead of saying sorry. It's a very special time in the development of your son and he will take all this in and it will become part of his personality. Social skills are closely connected to language skills: talk to and with your child, read books together. There are lots of nice books for young children about not hitting and about the fact that others have feelings as well, something that young children don't realise inititally and have to learn. The aim is for your son to learn to express his anger or excitement through words rather than actions. So langugae development and social skills are closely connected. It is a challenge and it will take a while, but if you see it as a developmental stage in your son's life which you can influence just as you make sure you do the best for him in other areas, it can be a satisfying experience. This is one of the best articles I've found on this matter: http://www.stressfreekids.com/10190/kids-biting-and-hittin